Warning government agencies holds the most promise for saving lives , researchers say , because they would give train operators time to slow down trains or bridge officials the opportunity to turn on metering lights to keep as many vehicles as possible off bridges 警告政府部门对于救助生命来说最有希望，研究者说道，因为他们能给足够的时间使火车驾驶者减低速度或者桥梁工作者以机会打开指示灯使得尽可能多的交通工具远离桥梁。
The evolution , state of the art and the developing trend of the lateral seismic inertia force calculation for retaining wall and / or bridge abutment and the calculation of the seismic cohesive backfill soil pressure are reviewed . the approaches of seismic analysis of retaining walls and bridge abutments in the current highway codes of china are studied in detail and the shortcomings in the analysis procedure and the necessity of further improvements to them are pointed out 综合评述国内外公路工程抗震设计规范中地震作用计算方法以及地震土压力计算方法的演进历史及现状，详细分析我国现行公路工程抗震设计规范中挡土墙和桥台的抗震验算方法，指出存在的问题和解决这些问题的必要性。
On basis of a review of the recent achievements , the distribution of the lateral seismic inertia force along the height of retaining wall and / or bridge abutment , and the calculation of the seismic soil pressure of cohesive backfill are treated with in this paper , for the revision of chinese earthquake resistant design code for highway construction , and a suggestion to combine sei smic design of retaining wall and of bridge abutment together into one chapter from the past in two chapters in the previous version is also worked out 结合规范jtj004 ? 89的修编，本文在总结已有研究成果的基础上，主要研究了挡土墙和桥台地震惯性力沿高度分布的规律，粘性填土的地震土压力计算和计算公式的简化，以及在公路工程抗震设计规范中将挡土墙和桥台的抗震设计归入一章的问题，具体包括如下5项工作。
When catchment area , average channel gradient and catchment shape factor of designed culvert or bridge are known , a user can be convenient to get local parameters c , e and b from standard contour charts and easy to calculate flood flow just by a calculator . design period of flood flow is enormously shortened as well as a high precision . estimated flood flow through culvert or small bridge by new calculation model is generally less than by traditional methods , so that much cost is cut down a s reducing the span of culvert or small bridge 以75000km ~ 2的川中丘陵地区为试点研究区，绘制了该地区新模型的参数等值线图，率定了不同设计频率的改正系数，使设计者只需在地形图上获取集水面积，河道平均坡降和流域形状系数，在参数等值线图上查得桥涵所在地的相应参数，使用计算器即可迅速计算出设计流量，大大缩短了设计周期，且精度较高，设计的洪水流量一般低于传统方法，从而可减小桥涵跨径，节省投资。
However , it lacks runoff data in absolutely most areas where culvert and small bridge locate . some traditional design method , such as the methods of statistic zone parameter , modification by catchment area , rainfall - runoff , reasoning formula and empiric equation et al , are used to estimate flood flow through culvert or bridge 然而，绝大多数中小桥涵所在地却没有可利用的径流资料，通常采用统计分区法，面积改正法、暴雨径流法、推理公式和经验公式等传统设计方法，这些方法一般比较繁琐、精度较低、设计的流量偏大，导致工程造价偏高而浪费资金。
In a word , the moral practices under the guide of these researches are ineffective . our age now calls for the exploration to the models of microcosmic research to make up the defects caused by the grant research . model of moral education ( mme ) is the link or bridge between moral education theory and practice 审视我国德育研究发展史可以看出，我国是一个非常重视德育的国度，在长达数千年的教育实践中积累、总结了许多行之有效的德育规律和方法，对德育实践产生过积极、广泛的影响，但也同样凸现出其理论偏于哲学思辨或停留于经验表述的缺陷。
In our opinion , the aim of the founding and development of social intermediary is : to speed up the development of a group of bigger intermediary organizations that are rationally distributed , completely categorized and high - qualified , then turn them into the most active key element in economic construction and social development , and the tie or bridge between government and enterprise , or government and society 我们认为，社会中介组织建设和发展的目标是，根据经济和社会发展总体规划，加快培育和发展一批符合经济和社会发展方向、布局合理、门类齐全、素质较高、规模较大的社会中介组织，使其成为经济建设和社会发展中最为活跃的组成要素，成督羔氯为联系政府与企业、政府与社会之间的桥梁和纽带。
